Allama Iqbal

Allama Igbal

 On 9 November 1877, Allama Iqbal was born.  He was a poet , politician , philosopher and barrister. His literary work most important in Urdu and Persian language . He was a national poet in Pakistan .He is also famous in India , Bangladesh and Srilanka. Asrar -e Khudi is his first poetry book. His other books are Payami Masriq, Ramuz - i Bekhudi ,  Zaburi -Ajam. Bali -jibHij Bangi-Dara , Armughane Hijaz , Zarbi- Kalim . His poetry very influential. In Pakistan his birthday is public holy day.  His father's name was Sheikh Noir Mohammad and was a tailor , not educated. His mother' s name was Imam Bibi and was a polite , humanitarian women. She helped the poors . He received his Masters of arts degree from Punjab university  at Labor in 1899. In 1906 he also received Bachelor of Arts degree from Trinity college , University of Cambridge .In1908 , he received Doctor of philosophy from Lugwig Maximilian University, Munich. In 1908 , he published his doctoral thesis Development of Metaphysics in Persia.
On 21 April, in 1938 , he died at Labor .

Hatem All - Tai

Hatem Al -Tai

Hatem tai was an Arabian poet .  He was very famous . His father was Sahaba Adi Ibn Hatim. In hail he lived in. In the sixth century CE , he lived in . The Persian poet Saadi wrote about him in his poem Golistan and Bostan. He is very famous still in middle East, India ,Pakistan and Bangladesh. He was a king but lived in a simple life. He was very kindful for everyone and never harmed anyone . So everyone loved him in his kingbanu.

A mysterious story about him that a young Prince was weeping under a tree. He asked about weeping and the young Prince told that he loved with Husne banu. She was the princess of Khorasan. She refused to marry and setup seven mysterious questions . She would marry him who solved that questions.
Hatem agreed to answer those questions and Husne banu accepted that agreement. Hatem returned to Yemen after the seven tasks. He became the king of Yemen and married  with Zarin pash. He ruled the kingdom peacefully and justly. In 578 , he died in hail.

Homer , the great poet

He

Homer

was a Greec poet. His famous poem Iliad and Odyssey is well-known to us.
He was the greatest and first epic poet in Greec.He was born in 8 century BCE .He is the leader of Greec culture. In Egypt his identifiable literary  papyrus finds.
He was may be Alexander the great's period. He was a blind poet.

He was a mythological character . He was a fictitious and historical poet.He had written many epics such as the whole body of heroic  tradition, the nostoi, the Little Illiad, the Epigoni, the Cypria , Homeric  Hymns, the Margites, the Focais etc.
He is great for his use of hexameter verse.

Sir Isac Newton

Sir

Sir Isac Newton

IsacC Newton was born on 25 december in 1642. He was an mathematician, physicist and natural philosopher.In 1687 his book philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published.First reflective telescope was built by him.A theory of colour developed by him.

 Early lifelife
He was born prematurely. He was born after three months death of his father.His mother married again and he disliked his step father.
He lived with his maternal grandmother.
When after death of his step father,his mother wanted to make him farmer but he was hated it.His uncle helped him for his studies.In 1664 he awarded a scolership and he completed his MA degree.
Binomial theorem was discovered by him in 1965 .He also developed mathematical theory calculus. In 1672 Fellow of the Royal Society elected him .
He also invented theory of colour and it is named Newton's theory of colour.
Newton observed that coloured light was scattered, reflected or transmitted and the result of the same colour. He invented the law of universal gravity.
In 1703 Royal society was made him as president.
In 1705 his scientific work was recognized as Master of the mint.
He was never married. On 20'march and in 1727 he was died in
London in sleep.

Napoleon

Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte

was the Emperior of the France. He was also military and political leader. He was born 15 August in 1769.He was leading and dominated European affairs  against the revolutionary war and Neopolianic public education was established by him and feudalism was abolished by him.His father was Carlo Bonaparte and mother was Maria letizia RamolinaRamolino.His position was fourth in their family. In 1784 he   completed his studiesstudies at Brieenne.

And he joined in the Ecole military.Due to his father's death his income was reduced and he was completed two year's course in one year. In LA Ferre artillery regiment he joined as second lieutenant .on 2 December in1804 he elected as Emperor.He was also king of Italy on 26 may 1805.

He died in 5 may in 1821.

Queen Cleopatra II

Queen cleopatra

Queen Cleopatra

Cleopatra was born 69 BC.  In Ancient Egypt she was the last pharaoh . Her family is origin of Macedonian  Greek and Ptolemaic dynasty.  It

was that period when the Hellenstic period  after the Alexander the Great’s death. She spoke Greek andbavoided Egyptians. She learnt Egyptian language.  She represented  as an Egyptian goddess , isis herself.  She was joint ruller of ancient Egypt  with his father , Ptolemy xii Auletes , and with his brothers later, Ptolemy xiii  and Ptolemy  xiv.  She married Mark Antony and bored the twins Cleopatra Selene II  ,Alexander  Helios  another son Ptolemy Philadelphus. In Western culture She became  the more popular figure . Many films , works of art made about her such as Caesar and Cleopatra, George Bernard Shaw and Cleopatra. Her father was died at her 18 years old and her brother named ptolemy iii was 10 years o

From 130 BC to27 BC, she ruled Egypt.

Antony suicide after losing of the battle. On August 12, 30 BC, Cleopatra also suicide by asp bite . She is very popular in whole of the world.  Antony and Cleopatra wrote by William Shakespeare is a tragic literature . She was Macedon family. Only at her 14 age, she was joint regent and deputy with her father.  In march 51 BC Ptolemy XII died and she was 18 years old. She and her brother were joint monarchs. They were faced with difficult situation for famine, economic failures, floods by Nile. Both of them relations were broke down and  from official documents  she removed his name and on coins her face appeared alone. Ptolemy XIII was succeeded  to sharing power with his elder sister in 49 BC.

Died

She died in 12 August, 30BC.

Alexander the Great

He

Alexander the great

was the Empire of Persian and Macedonia. In 356 BC , he was born in Pella of the ancient Macedonia. His father was king Philip of Macedonia  and his mother was Olympias  . Olympias was the Princess of the Epirus. At the age of twenty , he

received throne. He was the largest empirein the ancient world. He had an unprecedented military campaign between Asia and northeast Africa.  His military commanders  was most successful and Greece, Egypt and  into northwest India , he was stretching. His tutor was Aristotle upto the age of 16. He rulled from the Adriatic Sea to the Indus river for ten years.  There were twenty  cities named as his name such as  in Egypt Alexandria, a city  Alexandropolice in  Greece. At the age of his twentee , he received the throne of Macedonia. He trained on in medicine, science, philosophy.In326BC , he entered into the India but turn back due to demanded of troops.He taught also in a boarding school Mirza. He got many of students as his friend. In 332BC he conquered Egypt and established a library that named as Alexandria library .After his death Egypt was captured by his general PtolemyI. In 331 BC he left Egypt and went to Mesopotemia and conquered there.

Died
He died in Babylon at his palace Nebuchadnezzar in 323BC and his age was only 32.

The father of Alzebra and origin of Alzebra

Alzebra

Abu Jaafar Mohammad Ibn Mousa All khwarizmi

was invented by old Babylonians and Greek but it was perfected by Abu Jaafar Mohammad Ibn Mousa Al Khwarizmi. He had written a book about the Equation and Integration named  Hisab Al jabr Wal- Muqabalah” and this book used in the leading universities.

Early life

He was born in Uzbekistan in 780AD. He settled in Bagdad.  The son of Harun Al Rashid, Al mamun was the sixth Abbasid ruller. Al-Mamun established  an institute named “Bayt Al Hikmah”(House of Wisdom). He invited several  scholers  and Al khwarizmi worked there.  Al khwarizmi translated Greek scientific and philosophical works.

Contributions and achievements

His book “Hisab Al Jaber Wal- Muqabalah” translated  into Latin in 12^th century.  His equations of formula were based on roots, units and squares.

1.       Squares equal to numbers.  ax2 = b

2.       Squares equal to roots. ax2= bx

3.       Roots equal  to numbers. ax=b.

4.       Squares and roots equal to numbers. ex. ax2+ bx = c or x2 + 10 x = 39

5.       Roots and numbers equal to squares. Examples: ax2 = bx + c or 3x + 4 = x2. 

6.       Square and numbers equal to roots. examples. Ax2+c = bx or x2 + 21 = 10.

Its reduction process was  used by  two operations such as Al Jabr and Al Muqabalah.  It was  meant balanced  by Al Muqabalah and  completion meant by Al Jabr.

There were six types of equations solved by this scientist and  alzebraic and geometric  methods using.
He had written also about astronomy, the true position of moon and sun and calculations.

Died
He died in 850 AD.

Hazrat Rabia basri

In 717 A.D , she was born in Basra, Iraq. Farid ud- Din Attar described about her and he was a poet and Sufi Saint.  In her family her position was fourth. She was not born into slavery. Although her family was poor but was respected in the society.

Her family was so poor and they had no oil for a lamp to lighting. He had no any more cloth to wrap with her. She was took by the robbers and and in the market she was sold as a slave by robbers.  She used to hard service in her new master house.  After the finished of her household works , she used to pass the whole night with prayer. she was prayed with divine light in the whole night. Many of the days , she would fast. Her master once a middle night awake up and heard  her voice that she was praying to Allah. She was saying that she wish to freedom from slavery and if she removed from slavery, she would be pray whole day and night. The next day morning , the master told her decision that she might be stay as mistress of this house.   She insisted to leave from this house and she wished that leave this house .  And she was left this house and was free from bondage. She became  an ascetic and into the desert she went.  Hasal al-Basri was her murshid. She left rush and  spent with prayer in whole night and contemplation. She got many offers for marriage and from Amir of Basra also but she didn,t agree with it . She refused all propose and sha had no time for anything without Allah.

Died

She was died in 801 A.D ( 185 A.H) in Jerusalem. She was the most memorable sufi in the world.

Nawab Faizunnesa chowdhurani

Nawab Faizunnesa chowdhurani

In homnabad area of panchamigao,in comilla district, she was the zamindar She was great women for her social work and charities. She donated many property for various social, educational and other noble works. She was titled Nawab in1889 by Queen Victoria and in south Asia she was first female Nawain

Early life

Nawab Faizunnesa's house

In 1934 she was born in panchamigao of Comilla district.Her father's name was Ahmed Ali chowdhury and he was zamindar of homnabad, panchamigao in Comilla district. In a conservative muslim family, she was raised up  She had no formal education but she learnt Arabic,
sanscrit, Persian. Bengals language.
She was married with her distant cousin zamindar Mohammed Gazi in 1860.

She was separated early and returned her paternal home.
She inherited property and became zamindar of panchamigao after her mother's death.
She founded school, mousqe, madrasa, roads, ponds, hospital and other charitable works.In her village, she founded a dispensary for women in 1893. She had perfomed her hajj and in makka  for the hajji she established a resthouse and in Madina she established a madrasha.She had established school for boys and for girls seperately. This boy's high school was
established by the name of her daughter Badrunnesa.She also established english middle school that was under the Calcutta university in 1909.She established  14 primary girls school. She dugg 14 ponds for the peoples.

For the nation she donated her whole property in 1903 before her death.

Death

She died in 1903.

Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage was born on 26 december 1871. He was a famous polymath in England. He was also an inventor, philosopher, mechanical engineer.   He  was the inventor of computer. He was called as a “father of computer”. In the London Science Museum,  uncompleted mechanisms are taken for display .

Early life

He was born at 44 Crosby Row, the road of Walworth in London

of England. His father had four children and he was the one of them. His father’s name was Benjamin Babbage and his mother’s name was Betsy Plumleigh Teape.   In the East Teighnmouth of the old Rowdens house, his family was transferred in 1808.
In 1810  Babbage attended at trinity college, Cambridge.He had self thought about contemporary mathematiand the He was member of the ghost club and the extractors club.In the peter house he transferred to in 1812. In 1814 without examination he received a degree.  He joined as a professor at  Cambridge. He had capacity about absolute measurements. He was also a pioneer.ophthalmoscope was his another invented things.
Family
He was married with Georgiana white more on 25 July in 1814.They had eight children and four children were alived. The children were Benjamin Herschel, Drugald Bromhead, Charles Georgiana white more, Henry prevost.

Computing Pioneer

Babbage was the inventor of the mechanical computers. But he had funding problems and the government gave  £17,000 for his project after 10 years later.. He  was failed to confidence about his project.  The machines of Babbage were unwieldy, separated of the memoryand data program, units were separated.

Death

On 18 October 1871 he was died at 1Dorset Street, Marylebone.  His great-great-grandson published the autopsy report in 1983. In the science Museum of London , Charles Babbage’s brain is taken for display and at the Hunterian Museum the other part of his brain is taken for display.

Queen Elizabeth II

Queen Elizabeth II

Elizabeth^th queen of the 53 member dtates. In the Commonwealth she is the head and Supreme Governor of the church of England.

II is the queen of Commonwealth Nations and she is the 16

Elizabeth is Head of the Commonwealth in 6 February 1952 and regnant of seven independent countries such as Canada, Unted Kingdom, New Zealand

Queen Elizabeth II

, Pakistan, South Africa, Ceylon. She is the longest lived old monarch in the world. She is born 21 April 1926 in London. At home she educated privately. Her father was George vi and mother was Elizabeth  Bows-Lyon. She appointed

At Age3 of Queen ElizabethII

as Colonel at her age of 16.  She acted Counselors of State at her age of 18. Elizabeth has only sister named Princess Margaret. Princess Margaret was born in 1930.she made radiobroadcasts first. at 14 years age in '1940.

Marriage
 ElizabethIi married with Prince Philip   on 20 november in 1947. Prince Philip is her second cousin. He is duke of EdinbPrince Andrew and Prince Edward. Andrew andlizabeth gave birth four children Prince Charles, princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.

Silver jubilee of her accession was occurred in 1977.
Golden jubilee was occurred in Jamaica in 2002. Diamond jubilee was occurred in 2012. 600 organisations and charities made her patron.
 Her region from 6 February in 1952 to present.
Titles and ststylesIIElizabeth held and received man  honorary titles such as Lord of Mann, duke of Normandy, Duke of Lancaster, Defender of the Faith .

Muhammad Qudrat-I khuda

Muhammad Qudrat-I khuda

He was an organic chemist in Pakistan and in Bangladesh later. He was most famous scientist at the Pakistan period and  later in Bangladesh. At the Pakistan Academy of sciences, he was as the president of this Academy.

Early life

In 1900 he was born in village Margram of birbhum district in West Multiplanmet Ring  for his research.

Bengale , kalkata.  He learned at Margram high school and Calcutta woodburn ME school.  In 1918 he passed the matriculation examination from Calcutta Madrasa  and optained in First division.  From Presidency college, he passed in Msc  degree in chemistry in 1924 and standing First in First Class.  For his performance, he awarded a gold medal. At Calcutta University, he got a  Premchand Roychand studenship in chemistry for higher research. From London University, he obtained the Dsc in 1929.  He entitled Stainless configuration of

Career

In 1931 he joined as a lecturer in chemistry at Presidency College. In 1936 he promoted to head of the Department. In Calcutta, he served he served as the Principal of Islamia college  from 1942 to 1944. In 1947,  he joined as a principal of the college .  At Calcutta university, he was the member of the Senate and was the Fellow. In 1947 he came to East Pakistan(now Bangladesh). From 1947 to 1949 ,he served as the first Director of Public Instruction of the Government of East Pakistan.

In 1972 Qudrat-i-Khudha was chairman of the National Education commission. In 1974 Qudrat-i- khudha Education commission Report was published. In 1975 he appointed as Visiting professor of chemistry at Dhaka university.

Contribution

In Organic Chemistry , his field had specialization. He researched various substances such as jute, charcoal, minerals, salt and from local trees and plants , extracted biochemical elements that’s are

uses for medicine. He and his associates had Invented 18 scientific substances. Partex  is his greatest Invention. His another inventions are malt from vinegar from the juice of sugarcane and molasses,  paper from jute, Rayon from jute and jute sticks.

Awards

He was awarded “Tamgha-i-Pakistan”, Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Ekushey padak(1976), Sadhinata Puraskar(1984).

Death

On 3 November 1977 he died at Dhaka.

Hazi Mohammad Mohsin

Haji Mohammad Mohsin

Haji Mohammad Mohsin college

He was a great nobel man for his notable contribution. He was born  at Hugli in 1732. His father name was Haji Faizullah and his mother’s name was Zainab khanam. He received home based knowledge, he learned about the quran, Hadith and the Fiqh. He went to more countries such as Iran, Iraq , Turkey and  the Arab peninsula. At Makka , he made pilgrimage and  visited  Medina, Karbala , Kufa  etc.  He performed his

Hajj and received title haji.

His work

He received the management of of the estate of his sister Munnujan. Her husband was Mirza Salahuddin the Naib –faujdar or Deputy military Governor of Hugli  Nawab. She inherited from her

mother zainab. Zainab’s first husband Aga Motahar had a lot of properties in Hugli, Mursidabad , Jessore and Nadia. In 1803
Munnujan was died.  Mohsin inherited all of wealth after his sister’s death . He decided to distribution this wealth for charity and in 1806  made a trust. These wealth was 156,000 taka. He was donated one-third of this wealth for education and religious programmes , for pension four-ninthsto elderly peoples and disabled, and for the expenses of the trustees. 

Haji Mohammad Mohsin Ambara, Hughli

Death

On November 1812 he was died. In India and Bangladesh , he is an idle and namesake of many educational institutions for his contributions. He was established College the New Hooghly college name Hoogly Mohsin college in Chinsura, West Bengal.  In Chittagong , Government Hazi Mohammad Mohsin college  is the nameshake of him. In university of Dhaka , the name shake of the Haji Muhammad Mohsin hall.  In Bangladesh Navy, he is

Haji Mohammad Mohsin college, chittagong

also nameshake of Dhaka.

Haji Mohammad Mohsin  Hall in Dhaka University

A famous Iranian poet

Saadi Shirazi

Saadi Shirazi

He was the most famous poet in Iran. He was also famous in western. His writings were more high qualityable and  depth for the moral and social thoughts.

In1210 , he was born in Iran. When he was a child his father was died. He was faced poverty and hardship during his youth life. For a better education, he left his native town and went to Bagdad. He took his

education from Nizamiyya university and studied about law, Islamic sciences, governance, Arabic literature, history and Islamic theology. He  was wander for thirty years and by Iran he was led to abroad. He was visited many countries such as Syria,Saadi egypt, Iraq, Jerusalem of Palestine, oman, Arabian peninsulia, Azarbaijan, Turky, Guzarat of India.

In 1257, his best work was completed named Bustan and in 1258 Gulestan.  Bustan is based on the subject of muslim’s justice, modesty, liberality, contentment etc. It reflectes the ecstatic practices. Gulestan is based on about the personal anecdotes and it is a prose . It is based on about the advice, aphorisms, demonstrating and human reflections and absurdity of human existence.

As a panegyrist and lyricist , he was well known to all. His work in Arabic also. Bani Adam is his best aphorisms of Gulestan.

Tomb of Saadi

Here is a part of his writings of Bony adam’s

بنى آدم اعضای یک پیکرند
که در آفرینش ز یک گوهرند

چو عضوى به درد آورد روزگار
دگر عضوها را نماند قرار

تو کز محنت دیگران بی غمی
نشاید که نامت نهند آدمی

It is translated by H. Vahid Dastijerdi

Adam's sons are body limbs, to say;
For they're created of the same clay.
Should one organ be troubled by pain,
Others would suffer severe strain.
Thou, careless of people's suffering,
Deserve not the name, "human being".

Legacy and poetic style

Saadi had the practical and spiritual aspects of life. He used the mundane word in his Bustan. It is based on nature and soothing.  He mundane and his writings are reflected the dexterity.

He was died in 1291.